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Entry  Thu Jan 4 12:46:27 2018, gautam, Update, ALS, Fiber ALS assay FiberALS.pdfFiberALS.svg.zip
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                Reply  Fri Jan 19 11:34:21 2018, gautam, Update, ALS, Fiber ALS assay IR_ALS_20180119.pdf
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                                  Reply  Wed Jan 31 16:29:42 2018, gautam, Update, ALS, Modulation depths PMCmodDepth.pdfXPDH.pdf
                                  Reply  Wed Jan 31 16:33:53 2018, gautam, Update, ALS, ALS electronics at LSC rack 
                                     Reply  Wed Jan 31 22:32:11 2018, gautam, Update, ALS, ALS signal chain + power budget FiberALS_PowerBudget.pdfpreampProposed.pdf
                                        Reply  Thu Feb 1 01:24:56 2018, gautam, Update, ALS, D0902745 revamp underway PSLinterlock.png
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                                              Reply  Fri Feb 2 13:16:55 2018, gautam, Update, ALS, ALS signals whitening switching ALS_whitening_switching.pdfALS_whitening_switching_works.pdf
                                                 Reply  Mon Feb 5 14:11:01 2018, gautam, Update, ALS, Huge harmonics in ALS channels ALSpowerlineHarmonics.pdf2A1B3AC4-4059-416A-AD88-8AB0431D7A55.jpeg
                                                    Reply  Mon Feb 5 22:57:28 2018, gautam, Update, ALS, Huge harmonics in ALS channels 
                                                       Reply  Tue Feb 6 11:13:26 2018, gautam, Update, ALS, Possible source of ground loop identified A68AF89C-E8A9-416D-BBD2-A1AD0A51E0B5.jpeg
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                                                       Reply  Thu Feb 8 00:33:20 2018, gautam, Update, ALS, D990694 characterization / THD measurement plan D990694THD_trial.pdf
                                                          Reply  Thu Feb 8 01:27:16 2018, Koji, Update, ALS, D990694 characterization / THD measurement plan 
                                                          Reply  Fri Feb 9 13:37:44 2018, gautam, Update, ALS, THD measurement trial THD_trial.pdf
                                                       Reply  Thu Feb 8 12:00:09 2018, gautam, Update, ALS, D990694 is NOT differential receiving 
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                                                             Reply  Mon Feb 26 20:55:56 2018, rana, Update, ALS, Daughter board prototyping 
                                                                Reply  Tue Feb 27 21:10:45 2018, gautam, Update, ALS, Daughter board testing IMG_6912.JPGIMG_6913.JPGIMG_6914.JPG
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                                                                                  Reply  Fri Mar 9 01:07:01 2018, gautam, Update, ALS, First look at new ALS electronics ALS_vs_POXnoise.pdf
                                                                                     Reply  Mon Mar 12 22:08:31 2018, gautam, Update, ALS, Noisy POX NoisyPOX_20180312.pdf
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                                        Reply  Thu Feb 1 15:31:12 2018, gautam, Update, ALS, ALS signal chain + power budget 
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                      Reply  Thu Jan 25 13:18:41 2018, gautam, Update, ALS, Fiber ALS assay preampProposed.pdf
Message ID: 13621     Entry time: Thu Feb 8 00:33:20 2018     In reply to: 13608     Reply to this: 13622   13628
Author: gautam 
Type: Update 
Category: ALS 
Subject: D990694 characterization / THD measurement plan 

I decided to try doing the THD measurement with a function generator. Did some quick trials tonight to verify that the measurement plan works. Note that for the test, I turned off the z=15,p=150 whitening filter - I'm driving a signal at ~100Hz and should have plenty of oomph to be seen above ADC noise.

  1. Checked for ground loops - seem to be fine, see black trace on Attachment #1 which was taken with the FnGen hooked up to the input, but not putting out any signal
  2. Spectrum with 1Vpp sine wave @ ~103Hz. The various harmonic peaks are visible, and though I've not paid attention to bin width etc, the largest harmonics are ~1000x smaller than the main peak, and so the THD is ~1ppm, which is in the ballpark of what the datasheet tells us to expect around 100Hz for a gain of ~10 (=20dB). The actual gain was set at 0dB (so all opAmps in the quad bypassed)

I'm going to work on putting together some code that gives me a quick readback on the measured THD, and then do the test for real with different amplitude input signal and whitening gain settings.

**Matlab has a thd function, but to the best of my googling, can't find a scipy.signal analog.

To remind myself of the problem, summarize some of the discussion Koji and I had on the actual problem via email, and in case I've totally misunderstood the problem:

  1. The "Variable Gain" feature on the D990694 boards is achieved by 4 single gain stages cascaded together in series, with the ability to engage/bypass each stage individually.
  2. The 4 gain stages are constructed using the 4 OpAmps in a quad LT1125 IC, each in standard non-inverting configuration.
  3. The switches unfortunately are on the output side of each op-amp. This means that even if a stage is bypassed, the signal reaches the input pin of the OpAmp.
  4. For proper operation, in closed-loop, the differential voltage between the input pins of the OpAmp are 0.
  5. But this may require the OpAmp to source more current than it can (just using Ohms law and the values of the resistors in the feedback path).
  6. As a result, a large differential voltage develops between the input pins of the OpAmp.
  7. The LT1125 is not rated to operate in such conditions (this is what Hartmut was saying in the ilog linked earlier in this thread).
  8. Part of the internal protection mechanism to prevent damage to the IC in such operating conditions is a pair of diodes between the input pins of the OpAmp.
  9. When a large differential voltage develops between the input pins of the OpAmp, the diodes act to short the two to bring them to the same potential (minus whatever small drop there is across the diodes). Actually, according to the datasheet, when the differential voltage between the input pins exceeds 1.4V, the input current must be limited to 25mA, to avoid damaging the protection diodes? If so, we may already have damaged a bunch of these amplifiers.
  10. While the LT1125 IC is protected in this condition, the infinite input impedance of the OpAmp is reduced to the resistance between the inverting input and ground. The output voltage may still be saturated, but the output current draw is within what the IC can supply.
  11. As a result, Ohms law means that the preceeding stage is overdrawn for current. This is clearly not ideal.
  12. Another possible problem is that there is some sort of interaction between the 4 opamps in the quad IC, which means that even if one stage is overdrawn for current, all of them may be affected.
  13. The Advanced LIGO version of this board addresses #11 and #12 by (i) placing a series resistor between the input signal and the non-inverting input of the opamp, and (ii) using single opamp ICs instead of a quad, respectively.

So my question is - should we just cut the PCB trace and add this series resistance for the 4 ALS signal channels, and THEN measure the THD? Since the DC voltage level of the ALS signal is expected to be of the order of a few volts, we know we are going to be in the problematic regime where #11 and #12 become issues.

Attachment 1: D990694THD_trial.pdf  35 kB  | Hide | Hide all
D990694THD_trial.pdf
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